Ahead of print

We synthesize knowledge on the impacts of climate change on Brazil’s biodiversity.

The greatest predicted impact is in the Pantanal, and the lowest in the Pampa.

There are still large knowledge gaps due to spatial and taxonomic biases in studies.

Paris Agreement could reduce impacts by 21% and cut extinction risk by half.

Brazilian Amazon offshore is potentially becoming a new frontier for oil exploration.

This contradicts national and global pledges to fight planetary crises.

Sub-national governments often rely on the consequent distribution of oil royalties.

We propose that this is replaced by a Green Royalty Fund of USD 19.9–33.1 billion.

Implementation would align with local and global biodiversity and climate pledges.

Minor differences exist between rural residents and environmental specialists regarding fire management priorities.

Both groups prioritize protecting water resources and biodiversity conservation.

Socioeconomic characteristics explain differences in fire management priorities.

Most environmental specialists agree that IFM should also apply to private areas.

Increasing forest cover slow down and decrease the number of sites reached by pest.

Sites have indirect connections to other sites by several alternative paths.

Spatial networks predicted the most susceptible sites in the landscape.

Forest cover control pest spreading through the agroecosystem.

Spatial networks are a powerful predictive tool to manage the spread of pests.