The Psychological Cost of Aircraft Noise for Children*Psychologische Beeinträchtigung von Kindern durch Fluglärm

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0934-8859(99)80014-5Get rights and content

Abstract

Psychological effects of aircraft noise exposure on children have only recently been addressed in the References. The current study took advantage of a natural experiment caused by the opening of a major new airport, exposing children in a formerly quiet area to aircraft noise. In this prospective longitudinal investigation, which employed non-exposed control groups, effects of aircraft noise prior to and subsequent to inauguration of the new airport as well as effects of chronic noise and its reduction at the old airport (6 and 18 month post relocation), were studied in 326 children aged 9 to 13 years. The psychological health of children was investigated with a standardized quality of life scale as well as with a motivational measure derived from the Glass and Singer stress aftereffects paradigm. In addition a self report noise annoyance scale was used. In the children studied at the two airports over three time points, results showed a significant decrease of total quality of life 18 month after aircraft noise exposure as well as a motivational deficits operationalized by fewer attempts to solve insoluble puzzles in the new airport area. Parallel shifts in children's attributions for failure were also noted. At the old airport parallel impairments were present before the airport relocation but subsided there after. These findings are in accord with reports of impaired psychological health after noise exposure and indicate the relevance of monitoring psychological parameters as a function of environmental Stressors among children.

Zusammenfassung

Erst in letzter Zeit werden in der Literatur die psychologischen Beeinträchtigungen von Kindern durch Fluglärm berücksichtigt. Die vorliegende Studie stellt durch die Öffnung eines großen ‚neuen‘ Flughafens eine natürliche Felduntersuchung dar, in der früher nicht fluglärm-exponierte Kinder durch den Umzug fluglärm-exponiert wurden und umgekehrt, früher fluglärm-exponierte Kinder wurden durch Schließung des ‚alten‘ Flughafens jetzt nicht mehr fluglärm-exponiert. In dieser prospektiven Längsschnittuntersuchung wurden 326 Kinder im Alter zwischen 9 und 13 Jahren untersucht. Untersuchungsgegenstand waren sowohl die Effekte durch Fluglärm vor als auch nach der Eröffnung des neuen Flughafens, sowie die Effekte von chronischem Fluglärm und seiner Reduzierung am alten Flughafen (6 und 8 Monate nach dem Umzug), wobei nicht-fluglärmexponierte Kontrollgruppen ebenfalls untersucht wurden. Die psychische Gesundheit der Kinder wurde mit einem standardisierten Lebensqualitäts-Fragebogen und einem Motivationsmaß, aus dem „Glass & Singer-Stressparadigma“, erfaßt. Zusätzlich wurde eine selbstberichtete Skala zur Umweltwahrnehmung eingesetzt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen für die untersuchten Kinder an den beiden Flughäfen (Riem und Erding) über drei Meßzeitpunkte hinweg 18 Monate nach der Fluglärmexposition einen signifikanten Abfall des Summenwertes der Lebensqualität und motivationale Defizite im Gebiet des neuen Flughafens. Auch zeigten sich unterschiedliche Fehlerattributionen der Kinder. Ähnliche Ergebnisse ließen sich am ‚alten‘ Flughafen vor Schließung des Flughafens finden, jedoch sanken diese Beeinträchtigungen nach dem Umzug. Diese Ergebnisse bestätigen den derzeitigen Stand der Literatur und machen die umweltpolitische Relevanz der Überwachung psychologischer Parameter als einer Funktion von Umweltstressoren für Kinder deutlich.

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Following a lecture given on the occasion of the 1st Aachen symposium “Environment and Psyche”, Aachen, Germany, November 1998.

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