We compare tropical and temperate ecology through a scientometric analysis of approximately 500,000 articles.

The pattern of collaborations and authorship reveals the consequences of historical geopolitical relations.

The BRICS countries play a prominent role in tropical and global ecological research in the 21st century.

Temperate and tropical ecology have different conceptual structures.

We demonstrated the existence of a temperate bias in ecology.

Understanding plantations as forests damages culture, knowledge and human wellbeing.

Unclear demarcation between forests and plantations hinders conservation commitments.

We present an actionable agenda to prevent the impacts of unclear forest definitions.

Multi-scale systemic changes are necessary to safeguard social wellbeing.

We propose a definition that clearly discerns forests from plantations.

The use of signs and tracks can detect ungulate species as efficiently as camera traps.

Common species such as deer and agouti are detected efficiently by both methods.

Body mass and sociability have little influence on the detection of mammals and birds by local hunters.

Signals can contribute to monitoring species with large home ranges and vagility, such as the White-lipped Peccary.

The use of signals requires greater sampling effort to reduce variation in detection rates.

Nationwide PRF seizures reveal 9,479 animals and 9.3 t of wild meat (2017–2024).

Birds dominate in Caatinga and Pampa; mammals supply most biomass overall.

Seizures reflect defaunation: more individuals but lower biomass in degraded states.

Mammal decline linked to substitution by birds; reptiles show distinct transport bias.

Roadway seizure data offers a cost-effective barometer of illegal wild meat use.

Marine ecosystems are increasingly threatened by climate change, rising sea levels and coastal infrastructure development.

PEC 3/2022 aims to reform the Brazilian Law to transfer ownership of part of the coastal areas, currently under federal jurisdiction, to the Brazilian states and municipalities.

Public opposition to PEC 3/2022 has been surprisingly strong in comparison to other antienvironment regulations proposed recently.

Amid these legal and political debates, the Rights of Nature (RoN) framework emerges as a potential tool for strengthening marine ecosystem protection.

RoN implementation requires more than legal reform: it needs broad coalitions, including public mobilization and democratic engagement.

First documented maned wolf mortality in Brazilian open-air irrigation canals.

Open-air canals are an overlooked but serious threat to Cerrado biodiversity.

Maned wolf deaths highlight broader conservation risks in irrigated landscapes.

Weak environmental licensing omits key mitigation for wildlife impacts.

Integrated action needed: governance, market pressure and scientific evidence.

There is a paradox: a demand for large databases and a resistance to creating them.

Resistance barriers were identified by those who shared and those who compiled data.

Strategies are proposed to encourage individuals and institutions to participate.

Drought–fire feedback is accelerating the collapse of the Amazon ecosystem.

Fires are increasingly linked to forest degradation rather than deforestation.

MCWD anomalies reveal a persistent and intensifying drying trend in the Amazon.

Governance gaps hinder Brazil’s capacity to manage drought–fire interactions.

Fragmented climate and fire policies weaken coordinated responses to degradation.

Forest cover determines bee species number in cocoa agroforests

Shade tree diversity influences bee species composition

The intensity of management may favor the number of wasp species

Non-native plants drive both floristic homogenization and differentiation between Andean ecoregions.

Floristic similarity declined with geographic and climatic distances and political dissimilarity.

Geographic distance and political dissimilarity more strongly affect non-native similarity.

A sharp loss of shorebird foraging habitat was detected in Brazil’s Midwest region.

The conversion from wet to dry ecosystems was the primary cause of habitat loss.

Consistent spatial reconfiguration occurred in habitats of all Brazilian regions since 1996.

Assessing only the total habitat area masks important spatial patterns of change.

Ecological niche models reveal that Nicotiana glauca has a broad climatic suitability that includes regions where it is not yet present.

Future climate scenarios indicate increased suitability at higher latitudes, especially in the Northern Hemisphere.

Current and future potential distribution areas overlap with biodiversity hotspots and protected areas worldwide.

Protected areas and hotspots in the Palearctic realm are projected to become increasingly suitable in the future.

The results provide spatially explicit guidance to support targeted prevention, early detection, and control of this highly invasive species.

Designing legal amendments to reduce long-term conflicts and environmental impact.

Using spatial analysis to reveal the state of native vegetation can improve land management.

Optimization of environmental legal analyses through GIS tools.

Climate change could reduce >50% of hummingbird and plant ranges in Mexico.

Sites with high hummingbird phylogenetic diversity show fewer network shifts.

Climate seasonality shapes community phylogenetic structure and complexity.

Conserving mutualistic networks requires actions at multiple biodiversity levels.

Well-planned, context-sensitive targeted interventions fostered coexistence in high human-jaguar conflict areas of southeastern Mexico.

Cost-effective mitigation measures significantly reduced jaguar predation on livestock, offering a practical, economical solution.

Rancher acceptance of jaguars increased following the interventions, shifting attitudes crucial for long-term coexistence.

Strong spatial differences in mangrove organic sources due to the Amazon River.

Autochthonous carbon predominates (>54%) in estuarine mangroves.

Allochthonous carbon makes up 34–38% of surface soil organic carbon.

Mangroves in deltaic settings have a 30% lower restoration value.

Aplomado Falcon predates Eared Doves, supporting pest control in agroecosystems.

Tree stands increase granivorous bird prey, linking diet to landscape features.

Falcon diet study combines pellet analysis with prey abundance field surveys.

Raptors support sustainable agriculture by reducing reliance on chemical controls.

The Aplomado Falcon adjusts its diet to exploit resources in modified ecosystems.

Citizen science and collections offer complementary strengths and distinct biases.

Citizen science adds broad coverage and recent data, key for biodiversity research.

Collections provide historical depth and taxonomic precision via voucher specimens.

Both datasets are biased toward accessible areas; remote regions remain under-sampled.

Combining completeness and recency helps identify areas to update and monitor biodiversity.

Overall anthropization decreases with increasing slope and elevation.

Anthropization is strongly constrained by slope; elevation effects are moderate and variable.

Farming drives most anthropization and follows overall constraints.

Urbanization responds to slope and ecoregions but not to elevation.

Protected areas are concentrated in steeper terrain.

Roads threaten wildlife by causing roadkill and reducing connectivity.

We analyzed data on roadkills and wildlife crossings usage from 14 years of daily monitoring.

The number of wildlife crossings at mitigation structures increased over time.

Roadkill numbers have increased over the years, even in mitigated segments.

Wildlife crossings structures are likely to fail to reduce roadkill due to absence of proper fencing.